Association between endogenous hormones, hormone receptors and cervical cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the levels of estrogen (E2) and progestogen (P), expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study with hospital and community controls was employed. The levels of serum estrogen and progesterone were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 141 cervical cancer cases, 137 uterine myoma patients as controls and 129 health women as controls. ER and PR were measured by immunohistochemistry sABC in cervix tissues from patients with cervical cancer and uterus myoma as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of estrogen (47.49 ng/mL) and progesterone (2.34 pg/mL) in cases were significantly higher than those in both control groups. The association between estrogen and cervical cancer was significant both before and after menopause-adjusted, with over 89% of attributable risk percentage (ARP), and showed a dose-response relation. Using the lowest value of 2 pg/ml in follicular phase as cut off point for progesterone, there were no statistically significant difference between cases and controls, and neither in progesterone nor in premenopausal. The expressions of ER and PR in cases were lower than those in controls, even after being menopause-adjusted.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The high level of endogenous estrogen and progestogen might increase the risk of cervical cancer. Compared with progestogen, estrogen showed a higher risk that was not influenced by menopause. In some sense, ER and PR may exert certain protective effect on progressing of cervical carcinogenesis.</p>

Analysis on synergistic action between estrogen, progesterone and human papillomaviruses in cervical cancer / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of estrogen (E(2)) and progesterone (P) on cervical cancer and the synergistic action between estrogen, progesterone and human papillomaviruses (HPV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hoted-start polymerase chain reaction (HS-PCR) was used to detect HPVs, HPV16 and ELISA was used to assay E(2) and P on 141 cases with cervical cancer and on 129 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive rates of HPVs and HPV16 were 75.2% and 46.8% respectively in cervical cancer group, significantly higher than that in controls. Levels of estrogen and progesterone in case group were significantly higher than that in controls and a dose-responded relationship between the levels of estrogen and cervical cancer was revealed. Estrogen and HPV showed an additive interaction in the development of cervical cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV16 infection played a principal role in the development of cervical cancer. The high levels of entogenous estrogen could increase the risk of cervical cancer and might serve as a cofactor in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer.</p>